How trailer brakes work

How trailer brakes work
10/03/2021 10:08

One of the vital factors when driving a trailer is the brakes it incorporates. These, like any other brakes, are responsible for reducing the inertia of the trailer when the towing vehicle brakes and preventing it from colliding with a car or obstacle. Knowing how the brakes work helps detect possible failures and prevent any problems during a trip.

Next, we analyze the main characteristics and recommendations you should know about the functioning of trailer brakes and their components.

Inertial Mechanical Brake System

This is one of the most commonly used braking systems, noted for its simplicity, ease of maintenance, and low cost. It is called inertial because it is the inertial movement of the trailer that activates the brakes. This type of braking system can be used with loads ranging from 500 kg to 3,500 kg, depending on the model used in these cases.

When the vehicle begins to brake, a braking force is generated at the coupling point, which produces the movement of the drawbar. This activates the brake cables, thus stopping the movement of the trailer.

Components of Mechanical Brakes

Knowing the components of a trailer's mechanical brakes allows for the detection of possible failures in their operation and prevents the problem from worsening.

Locking Device

This is the area that connects with the towing vehicle. It usually incorporates a stabilizer system instead of the usual locking systems. When making the connection, the trailer ball must be free of grease to avoid any problems in this area.

Push Rod

Located in the brake body, its movement activates the transmission lever, initiating the braking of the trailer. This component requires regular lubrication so that it can move freely. Lubrication can be done manually or injected through the valves it incorporates.

Dampener

This reduces the inertia force acting on the rod to minimize the impact on it. If you feel bumps in the vehicle during braking, it means that the dampener is not functioning properly and, therefore, is not reducing the trailer's force.

Transmission Arm

This is the connection point between the inertial braking system and the brake rod. Its shape and diameter depend on the trailer's mass, as it is a sensitive part that can suffer breakage.

Safety Cables

These activate the emergency brake of the trailer. It is connected to the handbrake at the bottom and attaches to the trailer ball using a carabiner.

Rubber Bellows

The rubber bellows of a trailer's brakes protect the rod from dust, water, and grease. It is advisable to check their attachment and condition to ensure there are no breakages.

Handbrake

The inertial braking system includes a handbrake that allows for modification of the transmission lever, thus locking the wheels when the trailer is parked.